Tenx Microcontroller Crack

The tenx Corporation was founded in 1997 to design, manufacture, and sell a wide range of high performance COMS ICs. Our products include 4 and 8 bit RISC Micro-Controllers,USB controllers, RF IC, LCD TV controllers and System on Chip (SOC) devices. These products are used primarily in personal computers, peripheral controls, and consumer and communications applications.

 

tenx commenced development of its low-power, low voltage 4-bit RISC MCU product line in 1997. The company quickly became the market leader in Taiwan based on the powerful architecture and superior cost-benefit ratio of this product line. In 2001, tenx set a record by shipping one hundred and forty-two million chips in a single year. tenx has not only been ranked the No.1 4bit MCU design house in Taiwan but has also become one of the top five 4bit MCU suppliers in the world. With offices located in Hsin Chu (Taiwan), and subsidiaries in Mainland China and Hong Kong in addition to its Taipei headquarters, tenx is poised to penetrate markets throughout the Asia-Pacific and Greater China regions by offering efficient and reliable service to its worldwide customers.

With extensive experience in sophisticated design techniques and state-of-the-art process technology, tenx has developed into a capable, highly-competitive silicon solution provider. Core competencies include the following:
(1) Innovative research and development capability
(2) Guaranteed manufacturing capacity and stable production cycle
(3) Efficient technical support, sales, and marketing organizations
(4) Strict quality management and ISO-certified quality assurance system

With its comprehensiveness range of MCU, Embedded NVM, Logic ICs, USB controllers, RF IC, LCD TV controllers , SOC and ASIC product lines, and its leading-edge, highly experienced R&D team, has what it takes to design and integrate solutions for customers with a wide variety of IC design needs. With many successful stories, tenx provides high quality semiconductor solutions with extremely competitive prices to its customers.

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• Voltage Glitching Countermeasures in Modern MCUs

  Voltage glitching is a common fault injection technique. The MCU lockbit lock must resist it. Modern MCUs incorporate brown-out detectors (BODs) that reset the chip if the supply drops below a threshold. But BODs have a reaction time. Fast glitches can escape detection. To counter this, MCUs use two-stage BODs. The first stage triggers a warning. The second stage triggers a hard reset. The warning can be used to abort sensitive operations. For example, if a voltage dip is detected during a read-out of an EEPROM processor, the operation is aborted. Similarly, dump flash and eeprom commands are ignored. Decapsulation and code recovery are not relevant here because glitching is non-invasive. But the MCU lockbit lock monitors the supply continuously. It uses an analog comparator. The comparator has a high bandwidth. It can detect glitches as short as 1 ns. This is much faster than typical BODs. The comparator output is connected to a digital filter. The filter rejects noise. If a genuine glitch is detected, the MCU enters a safe state. In that state, all memory access is blocked. The read-out of an EEPROM processor is disabled. Dump flash and eeprom is disabled. The lockbit lock is reinforced. Some MCUs also include a voltage monitor that checks the slew rate. A rapid drop indicates an attack. The monitor triggers an immediate shutdown. The shutdown includes a zeroization of all volatile memories. This prevents copy contents of crypto memory. Microcontroller reverse engineering will find an erased chip. Firmware extraction is impossible. Another countermeasure is to use an internal voltage regulator that filters out glitches. The regulator has a large capacitor. The capacitor stores enough charge to ride through short glitches. This makes the MCU immune to nanosecond-scale glitches. The MCU lockbit lock benefits from this regulated supply. Additionally, the clock generation circuit is monitored. A glitch on the clock can also be detected. The MCU uses a phase-locked loop (PLL) that locks to a reference. If the clock deviates, the PLL unlocks. The unlock signal triggers a reset. So clock glitches are also countered. The combination of voltage and clock monitoring makes the MCU lockbit lock very robust. However, attackers can use more sophisticated glitches. They can modulate the supply with a specific waveform. The waveform might fool the monitor. To prevent this, the monitor uses a window comparator. The supply must stay within a narrow window. If it goes outside, the alarm triggers. The window is set with hysteresis. This avoids false alarms from normal noise. The MCU lockbit lock is thus hardened. But no system is perfect. Attackers can also glitch the monitor itself. The monitor has its own power supply. That supply is derived from the main supply. So a glitch on the main supply also affects the monitor. The monitor's logic might misbehave. To avoid this, the monitor is implemented in analog circuitry. Analog circuits are less susceptible to digital glitches. They operate on continuous voltages. A glitch might still shift the reference. But the monitor uses a bandgap reference that is very stable. The bandgap is insensitive to supply variations. So even if the supply dips, the reference remains. Thus, the comparator output is reliable. The MCU lockbit lock relies on this comparator. In summary, voltage glitching countermeasures include fast BODs, slew-rate monitors, regulators, PLL locks, window comparators, and analog references. These make the MCU lockbit lock resistant to glitching attacks. The read-out of an EEPROM processor, dump flash and eeprom, decapsulation, copy contents, reverse engineering, and firmware extraction are all protected against fault injection.